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Chart of Accounts (COA)

An organized listing of all account names and numbers a business uses to record financial transactions. It serves as a framework for classifying assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses. The COA keeps financial data consistent and structured across...

Double-Entry System

An accounting method where every transaction affects at least two accounts, with equal debits and credits. This system ensures the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) always remains balanced. It is the global standard for accurate accounting.

Ledger

A collection of all accounts that summarizes transactions from journals. It is often referred to as the “book of final entry.” The general ledger provides the basis for financial statements.